Normal cyclic polytopes and cyclic polytopes that are not very ample

Let $d$ and $n$ be positive integers with $n \geq d + 1$ and $\tau_{1}, ..., \tau_{n}$ integers with $\tau_{1} < ... < \tau_{n}$. Let C_{d}(\tau_{1}, ..., \tau_{n}) \subset \RR^{d} denote the cyclic polytope of dimension $d$ with $n$ vertices $(\tau_{1},\tau_{1}^{2},...,\tau_{1}^{d}), ..., (\tau_{n},\tau_{n}^{2},...,\tau_{n}^{d})$. We are interested in finding the smallest integer $\gamma_{d}$ such that if $\tau_{i+1} - \tau_{i} \geq \gamma_{d}$ for $1 \leq i < n$, then $C_{d}(\tau_{1}, ..., \tau_{n})$ is normal. One of the known results is $\gamma_{d} \leq d (d + 1)$. In the present paper a new inequality $\gamma_{d} \leq d^{2} - 1$ is proved. Moreover, it is shown that if $d \geq 4$ with $\tau_{3} - \tau_{2} = 1$, then $C_{d}(\tau_{1}, ..., \tau_{n})$ is not very ample.Comment: 17 page

Prone Position Impairs Oxygen Supply-Demand Balance During Systemic Hypoxia in Rabbits

Ventilation in the prone position improves the prognosis of patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Contraindications to ventilation in this position include unstable systemic circulation. Only a few reports exist on the effects of prone ventilation in respiratory failure on systemic circulation. This animal study compared systemic hemodynamic changes between supine and prone positions in anesthetized rabbits under acute systemic hypoxia (breathing 15% O2). Cardiac output and the systemic O2 extraction ratio increased under the hypoxia, but only in the supine group. Besides, the rate pressure product was higher in the prone group than in the supine group. This study showed that prone ventilation increases myocardial O2 consumption and suppresses compensatory mechanisms to maintain aerobic metabolism during systemic hypoxia. First of all, it will be necessary to examine the effect of prone ventilation on the O2 supply-demand balance in the ARDS model

Marathoners’ Breathing Pattern Protects Against Lung Injury by Mechanical Ventilation: An Ex Vivo Study Using Rabbit Lungs

[Background] Breathing during a marathon is often empirically conducted in a so-called “2:2 breathing rhythm,” which is based on a four-phase cycle, consisting of the 1st and 2nd inspiratory and the 1st and 2nd expiratory phases. We developed a prototype ventilator that can perform intermittent positive pressure ventilation, mimicking the breathing cycle of the 2:2 breathing rhythm. This mode of ventilation was named the marathoners’ breathing rhythm ventilation (MBV). We hypothesized that MBV may have a lung protective effect. [Methods] We examined the effects of the MBV on the pulmonary pre-edema model in isolated perfused rabbit lungs. The pulmonary pre-edema state was induced using bloodless perfusate with low colloid osmotic pressure. The 14 isolated rabbit lung preparations were randomly divided into the conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) group and MBV group, (both had an inspiratory/expiratory ratio of 1/1). In the CMV group, seven rabbit lungs were ventilated using the Harvard Ventilator 683 with a tidal volume (TV) of 8 mL/kg, a respiratory rate (RR) of 30 cycles/min, and a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 2 cmH2O for 60 min. In the MBV group, seven rabbit lungs were ventilated using the prototype ventilator with a TV of 6 mL/kg, an RR of 30 cycles/min, and a PEEP of 4 cmH2O (first step) and 2 cmH2O (second step) for 60 min. The time allocation of the MBV for one cycle was 0.3 s for each of the 1st and 2nd inspiratory and expiratory phases with 0.2 s of intermittent resting between each phase. [Results] Peak airway pressure and lung wet-to-dry ratio after 60 min of ventilation were lower in the MBV group than in the CMV group. [Conclusion] MBV was considered to have a lung-protective effect compared to CMV

Leaf Analyses of Campbell Early and Muscat Bailey A Grape-vines in Respect to Nutrient Level.

1.岡山県南部の岡山和気及び備前の3地区のCampbell Early及びMuscat Bailey Aのそれぞれ12又は8園をえらび,6月15日と,Campbell Earlyでは8月1日(成熟期8月中旬),Muscat Bailey Aでは8月13日(成熟期9月中旬)の2回ずつ,結果枝の第6又は第7節位葉を採取し,N・P・K・CaおよびMgについて葉分析を行なった.2.Campbell Earlyの葉中Mg含量は6月15日の0.29%(100)から8月1日の0.25%(86)まで減少した.これらの葡萄園のCampbell Earlyは潜在的Mg欠乏の初期段階にあるものと推定される.3.一方,Muscat Bailey AのMgの含量は6月15日と8月13日では夫々0.19%(100)と0.30%(158)であった.このような早期潜在的Mg欠乏とも云うべきものの機構について2,3の考察を行なった.4.Campbell Earlyについては6月15日と8月1日の葉中N含量はそれぞれ3.20%(100)と2.35%(73)であった.少くともN含量は8月中旬まではこれよりもやや含量が多くあることが望ましいという建前からとすると,8月1日のN含量が6月15日のそれの73%の低さであったことは警戒に値する.Muscat Bailey AのNについての栄養度もCampbell Earlyと略々同じ傾向を示した.5.岡山県の10a当り標準収量2,250kgであるのに,10園中優良園とみられる4園の平均収量でさえ10a当り1,672kgであった.普通園とみられる他の6園の平均収量は10a当り1,313kgであった.この事実はこれらの葡萄園の栽培要因と関連して検討しなければならない.6.本実験の範囲内では8月1日に採葉した.Campbell Earlyの葉中N含量とChloropbyll含量との相関の有意性は認められなかった.葉のN含量(%)と葉の生育に関連ある第6節位葉の縦径(中肋長)及び横径(葉巾)等との間の相関係数についてはN(%):縦径,N(%):葉巾,およびN(%):縦横積(L×B)ではそれぞれ+0.041,+0.486及び+0.245であった.しかしN(%):B/L ratioについてはγ=+0.652で,より高い相関が認められた.もし更に多くの試料について検討したならばその相関関係はより高くなるのではあるまいか.7.ただし,第7節位葉についてN(%):B/L ratioに関する同様な相関を求めたところ,上記とは反対に,γ=-0.404であって負の相関を示した.かかる矛盾した現象について2・3の考察を行なった

Fabrication of Planar Power Inductor for Embedded Passives in LSI Package for Hundreds Megahertz Switching DC-DC Buck Converter

Recently, research and development of integrated low-voltage dc-dc converter to LSIs has been active. In order to realize such integrated dc power supply, power magnetic devices must be integrated in it. The authors have fabricated planar power inductor embedded in LSI package for hundreds megahertz switching dc-dc buck converter. In this study, two types of planar power inductors have been fabricated: one was spin-sprayed Zn-ferrite thick film magnetic core inductor, and the other was composite magnetic core (Fe-based amorphous/polyimide) inductor. Footprint of the fabricated inductors was 850 x 850 mu m(2), their inductance was about 10 nH, and the quality factor Q was about 20 at 100 MHz. The rating current which depends on the superimposed dc characteristic was at least up to 2 A.ArticleIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS. 47(10):3204-3207 (2011)journal articl

BALB/c-Fcgr2b−/−Pdcd1−/− mouse expressing anti-urothelial antibody is a novel model of autoimmune cystitis

We report the impact of anti-urothelial autoantibody (AUAb) on urinary bladder phenotype in BALB/c mice deficient of the FcγRIIb and PD-1. AUAb was present in serum samples from approximately half of the double-knockout (DKO) mice, as detected by immunofluorescence and immunoblots for urothelial proteins including uroplakin IIIa. The AUAb-positive DKO mice showed degeneration of urothelial plaque and umbrella cells, along with infiltration of inflammatory cells in the suburothelial layer. TNFα and IL-1β were upregulated in the bladder and the urine of AUAb-positive DKO mice. Voiding behavior of mice was analyzed by the Voided Stain on Paper method. 10-week-old and older AUAb-positive DKO mice voided significantly less urine per void than did wild type (WT) mice. Furthermore, administration of the AUAb-containing serum to WT mice significantly reduced their urine volume per void. In summary, this report presents a novel comprehensive mouse model of autoimmune cystitis

A Giant Thymic Cyst Accompanied by Acute Mediastinitis

We encountered a rare case of thymic cyst accompanied by mediastinitis. A 39-year-old Japanese male presented with fever and chest pain. The chest CT revealed a mass composed of a lobular cystic lesion with inflammation, suggesting the onset of mediastinitis. A definitive histological diagnosis was not obtained, and we performed a thymectomy. Pathologically, the thymic cyst was accompanied by multiple cavities, mimicking thymic cysts, caused by the inflammatory abscess. The surrounding adipose tissue showed inflammatory cell infiltrations with chronic fibrosis. These findings indicate that clinicians should be aware that thymic cysts may cause severe mediastinitis